View source for Effects of weir construction

==Description==
[[File:Effect of weir construction.png|300px|thumbnail]]
The longitudinal profiles of Figures A to C visualize how weir construction affects the main channel of a river reach. The vertical scale is exaggerated with respect to the horizontal scale. The reach can be kilometres to tens of kilometres long.<br />


The intervention implies essentially that a weir is constructed across the river at a certain location (A). The immediate effect is an increase in water levels upstream (B). This increase is not uniform, but varies from place to place. As a consequence, flow velocities differ from place to place too. The water levels and flow velocities can be calculated using [[1D analytical models for gradually-varied flow]] or [[1D numerical hydrodynamic models]]. The variations in flow velocity and, hence, the variations in the capacity to transport sediment give rise to a pattern of initial erosion and sedimentation along the river (B) that can be calculated using [[1D analytical models for morphology on short time scales]] or [[1D numerical morphodynamic models]]. Sedimentation over a relatively long distance occurs upstream of the intervention, whereas punctuated local erosion occurs downstream. This erosion advances downstream as a rarefaction wave.<br />


Eventually, in the long run, the river reaches a new morphological equilibrium without further trends of erosion or sedimentation (C). Upstream bed and water levels have become higher than at the start of the intervention. Downstream, the river resumes its original shape by sedimentation after an intermediate period of erosion.<br />


The longitudinal profiles in the diagrams provide a simplified picture. They do not include the response of channel width, bed sediment composition or vegetation. Nonetheless, they offer the key to understanding the relation between local pressures or measures and their effects far upstream and downstream.<br />


==Related Pressures==

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==Related Measures==

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==Related Hymo quality elements==

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==Related Biological quality elements==

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[[Category:Tools]][[Category:Diagrams of elementary morphological effects]]