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Revision as of 13:12, 14 April 2015
Dutch to English Glossary
| Dutch | English | Explanation |
| Alluviale afzettingen | Alluvial deposits | Sediments deposited by modern rivers and streams |
| Alluviale rivier | Alluvial river | River with a bed consisting of sediments deposited by this river and still actively remolded by erosion and sedimentation |
| Alluvium | Alluvium | Sediment deposits |
| Vertakte rivier | Anabranched river | River consisting of a network of channels separated by large islands that are usually vegetated |
| Anadroom | Anadromous | Adjective indicating fish that spawn in fresh water after spending most of their lives and becoming mature in the sea. See also |
| Aquifer | Aquifer | Water-bearing layer of porous subsurface material that can yield usable quantities of water |
| Kommen, Moerassen achter oeverwallen | Backswamps | Wetlands in the lowest areas of the valley floor away from the main channel, storing fine-grained suspended-load sediments |
| Stuweffect | Backwater effect | Influence from downstream conditions on water levels and flow velocities |
| Oever | Bank | Lateral channel boundary |
| Geulvullende afvoer, Zomerbedvullende afvoer | Bankfull discharge | Discharge at which water levels reach the top of the river banks |
| Bank | Bar | Submerged or emerged bedform of sand, gravel, or other unconsolidated material, built in shallow water and much longer than the water depth |
| Basisafvoer | Base flow | Sustained low flow in a stream, mostly fed by groundwater discharge |
| Bathymetrie | Bathymetry | Spatial distribution of water depths below an agreed plane of reference water levels. As this plane has a slope in rivers, bathymetry should not be confused with |
| Bodemhoogte | Bed level | Elevation of bottom of river or stream above a horizontal datum |
| Bodemtransport | Bedload | Sediment transported by rolling, sliding or jumping over the bed |
| Transport van bodemmateriaal | Bed-material load | Transport of sediment that is also found in the river bed. It can be transported as both and |
| Vast gesteente | Bedrock | Consolidated subsurface material that underlies soils or other unconsolidated material |
| Bodemschuifspanning | Bed shear stress | Tangential forces per unit bed area exerted by the flow on the river bed, as a measure of flow strength. See also and |
| Bodemtopografie | Bed topography | Spatial distribution of bed elevations with respect to a horizontal datum, not to be confused with |
| Oeverbank | Bench | Sediment deposition unit along a bank face. Also |
| Benthisch | Benthic | Living at or in the bottom of a fresh or salty body of water. Opposed to |
| Benthos | Benthos | Plants and animals that live in, on or attached to the bottom of water bodies |
| Oeverbank | Berm | Sediment deposition unit along a bank face. Also |
| Biogeografische regio | Biogeographical region | Relatively large area that contains characteristic assemblages of natural communities and species that are the product of broad environmental influences and common evolutionary and immigration history. See |
| Bivalve | Bivalve | A mollusk with two shells, for instance a clam or a mussel |
| Keien, Rotsblokken | Boulders | Rock fragments larger than 200 mm in diameter |
| Vlechtende rivier | Braided river | River consisting of a network of smaller channels separated by small and often temporary non-vegetated islands called braid bars |
| Bufferstrook | Buffer strip | Vegetation along a stream left intact after logging or land clearing, preventing fine sediment from entering into the stream |
| Cascade | Cascade | Stream bed covered with disorganized boulders in steep confined channels |
| Katadroom | Catadromous | Adjective indicating fish that spawn in the open sea after spending their lives and becoming mature in fresh water. See also |
| Stroomgebied | Catchment | Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also or . Catchment is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms |
| Kortsluitgeul door kronkelwaard | Chute channel | Channel across a bar or floodplain, shortcutting the flow in the main channel |
| Lutum (grain size), Klei (soil type) | Clay | Mineral soil particle smaller than 0.002 mm in diameter |
| Stenen, Keien | Cobbles | Rock fragments between 63 mm and 200 mm in diameter |
| Krenal | Crenal | Zone of stream source in longitudinal habitat zonation, also . See also and |
| Breuk in oeverwal, Crevasse | Crevasse | Breach in natural levee |
| Crevasse-afzetting | Crevasse splay | Local accumulation of sand or gravel, deposited by water escaping from the channel through a |
| Bochtovergang | Crossing | Relatively shallow zone between two consecutive bends in navigable rivers. Also |
| Bochtovergang | Cross-over | Relatively shallow zone between two consecutive bends in navigable rivers. Also |
| Schaaldier | Crustacean | Invertebrate animal (without backbone) with a hard exoskeleton (external support or protection of the body) and at least five pairs of jointed legs on the thorax |
| Stroming | Current | Movement of water in a water body |
| Referentievlak | Datum | Reference elevation level, for instance mean sea level |
| Degradatie | Degradation | In hydromorphology: Lowering of bed elevation by erosion or removal of sediment. In ecology: Damaged condition of habitat |
| Afvoer, Debiet | Discharge | Volume of water that flows through a section per unit of time |
| Stroomgebied | Drainage basin | Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also or . is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms |
| Duin | Dune | Bedform with a height in the order of tens of percent of the water depth. Two-dimensional dunes have long crests perpendicular to the flow. Three-dimensional dunes have short crests. |
| Ecoregio | Ecoregion | See and . |
| Moerasplant, Ondiepwaterplant | Emergent plant | Plant rooted in shallow water with much of the stem and most of the leaves above the water |
| Eurytoop, Niet kieskeurig | Eurytopic | Adjective for aquatic species that tolerate both stagnant and flowing water conditions. See also and |
| Uiterwaard, Overstromingsgebied | Floodplain | Land bordering a river or a stream, built up of sediments from overbank flows and subject to inundation at floods |
| Stromingsweerstand | Flow resistance | Forces opposing the discharge of water. A low flow resistance implies high flow velocities and small water depths. A high flow resistance implies low flow velocities and high water depths. |
| Stroomsnelheid | Flow velocity | Distance travelled by flowing water per unit time, as a measure of flow strength. See also and |
| Geomorfologische eenheid | Geomorphic unit | Area containing a landform created by erosion or deposition inside or outside the river channel. Also , or . Geomorphic unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms |
| Glijbaan, Glide | Glide | Zone of relatively shallow flow as an intermediate feature between shallower riffles and deeper pools, similar to the somewhat steeper |
| Grind | Gravel | Rock fragments between 2 and 63 mm in diameter |
| Habitat | Habitat | Place where a particular species or life stage lives and grows. Essentially, it is the (mostly physical) environment that surrounds a species population or age group |
| Hydraulische ruwheid | Hydraulic roughness | Parameter governing |
| Hydraulische eenheid | Hydraulic unit | Spatially distinct patch of relatively homogeneous surface-flow and substrate character. Hydraulic unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms |
| Afdamming, Opstuwing | Impoundment | Structure built to maintain a desired water level |
| Infauna | Infauna | Benthic animals that burrow into the substrate |
| Invertebraten | Invertebrates | Animals without a backbone |
| Eiland | Island | Landform surrounded by areas of the channel bed and emerged at bankfull stage |
| Krenal | Krenal | Zone of stream source in longitudinal habitat zonation, also . See also and |
| Landschapseenheid | Landscape unit | Portion of a catchment with similar landscape morphological characteristics. Also physiographic unit. Landscape unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms |
| Dijk, Kade | Levee | See . Levee can also refer to a man-made dike along the Loire river in France or along North-American rivers that belonged to French Louisiana between 1682 and 1803, such as the Mississippi river |
| Limnetisch | Limnetic | Related to the environment of lakes and ponds. Adjective for aquatic macroinvertebrates that prefer standing water |
| Limnofiel, Plantminnend | Limnophilic | Adjective for aquatic species that prefer stagnant water. See also and |
| Lotisch | Lotic | Related to fast-moving water, such as in most streams and rivers |
| Macroinvertebraten | Macroinvertebrates | Animals without backbones (“invertebrates”) that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye (“macro”, larger than 0.5 mm) |
| Macrofyt | Macrophyte | All aquatic higher plants, mosses and characean algae, but excluding single-celled phytoplankton and diatoms |
| Macrozoobenthos | Macrozoobenthos | Aquatic macroinvertebrates living at or in the bottom |
| Meanderende rivier | Meandering river | River with a single channel and a larger than 1.5 |
| Maatregel | Measure | See and |
| Mesohabitat | Mesohabitat | Spatially distinct patch of relatively homogeneous patches serving species or life stages as . See |
| Microhabitat | Microhabitat | Spatially distinct patch of uniform substrate, plant cover or physical structure which is relevant for species, e.g. as spawning or feeding substrate |
| Mitigerende maatregel | Mitigation measure | Activity to reduce the impact of a pressure |
| Weekdieren | Mollusks | Unsegmented invertebrate animals (without a backbone) that possess an external or vestigial calcium carbonate shell |
| Morfologische eenheid | Morphological unit | See |
| Slib, Modder | Mud | Loose slushy fine sediment consisting of clay, silt, fine sand, and organic material. Often water-formed and deposited on the bottom of lakes, rivers and estuaries |
| Oeverwal | Natural levee | Elevated feature along river channel, composed of sediments deposited by overbank flows leaving the main channel |
| Hoefijzermeer | Oxbow lake | Lake formed when a river meander is cut off from the main channel |
| Grindsteen, kiezelsteen | Pebble | Gravel particle |
| Pelagisch | Pelagic | Living and feeding in the water column. Opposed to |
| Fysiografische eenheid | Physiographic unit | See |
| Fytoplankton | Phytoplankton | Microscopic plants that float or drift almost passively in water |
| Kronkelwaard, Kronkelwaardbank, Ondiepe binnenbocht | Point bar | Bar along the inner bank of a river bend |
| Diep deel van rivier | Pool | Relatively deep, still section in a river or stream. Pools alternate with or in gravel-bed rivers and with or in navigable rivers |
| Potamal | Potamal | Zone of lowland rivers in longitudinal habitat zonation. See also or and |
| Kolkgat | Pothole | Deep circular hole scoured in bedrock as a result of abrasion by transported particles trapped in the hole |
| Druk | Pressure | In hydromorphology: Force per unit area exerted on a surface by the weight of the water above that surface. In the Water Framework Directive: Direct environmental effect of a driver such as agriculture, industry, hydropower generation or navigation |
| Stroomversnellingen | Rapids | Stream bed with boulders organized in irregular transverse lines (ribs), in steep confined channels |
| Traject | Reach | Section of river along which boundary conditions are sufficiently uniform for the river to maintain a near-constant internal set of process-form interactions. Reach is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms |
| Regio | Region | Relatively large area underleying similar broad influences of climate, relief, tectonic processes, etc. Also or . Region is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms. It typically contains characteristic assemblages of natural communities and species. |
| Herstelmaatregel | Restoration measure | Activity to improve the status of degraded waters, be it by improving water quality or by changing hydromorphological conditions |
| Rheofiel, Stroomminnend | Rheophilic | Adjective for aquatic species that prefer flowing waters. See also and |
| Rhithral | Rhithral | Zone of streams in longitudinal habitat zonation, identical to the zone of trout and grayling. See also or and |
| Sikkelvormige rug in kronkelwaard | Ridge | Old incorporated in the floodplain as the channel migrated away |
| Dwarsbank, Riffle | Riffle | Zone of relatively shallow and rapid flow in gravel-bed rivers |
| In de oeverzone | Riparian | Related to zone adjacent to a stream or river with a high density, diversity, and productivity of plant and animal species compared to nearby uplands |
| Ribbel | Ripple | Small bedform of a few centimetres high, with a long crest perpendicular to the flow |
| Rivierelement | River element | Part of river environment including individuals and patches of sediment, plants, wood, etc. Also . River element is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms. |
| Riviersector | River sector | See |
| Riviersegment | River segment | Section of river subject to similar valley-scale influences and energy conditions. Also river sector. River segment is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms |
| Run | Run | Zone of relatively shallow flow as an intermediate feature between shallower riffles and deeper pools, similar to the somewhat flatter |
| Zand | Sand | Mineral soil particle between 0.063 mm and 2.0 mm in diameter |
| Ontgronding, Uitschuring | Scour | Local removal of sediment from the stream bed by flowing water |
| Sikkelvormige rug in kronkelwaard | Scroll bar | Elongated raised feature on top of a |
| Sediment | Sediment | Solid matter eroded, transported or deposited in rivers |
| Sedimentproductie | Sediment yield | Amount of sediment eroded per unit land area in a river catchment |
| Silt, Meelzand | Silt | Mineral soil particle between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm in diameter |
| Kronkelfactor, Sinuositeit | Sinuosity | Ratio between the distance measured along the channel and the distance measured in the direction of the overall planimetric course or meander belt axis |
| Specifiek stroomvermogen | Specific stream power | per unit channel width, as a measure of flow strength |
| Stap | Step | Steep accumulation of boulders and cobbles across a channel, generally with a pool downstream that is scoured by flow plunging over the step |
| Stroomvermogen | Stream power | Rate of energy dissipation per unit downstream length, as a measure of flow strength. See also and |
| Stressor | Stressor | Pressure in the sense of a direct environmental effect of a driver |
| Subtraject | Subreach | See |
| Zwevend transport | Suspended load | Sediment transported in the water column, kept from settling by upward turbulent motions of the water. It can consist of both and |
| Sikkelvormige laagte in kronkelwaard | Swale | Depression between adjacent that are old |
| Terras | Terrace | Abandoned inactive floodplain perched above contemporary channel and floodplain |
| Thalweg | Thalweg | Line connecting the deepest points of consecutive cross-sections |
| Stroomdraad | Thread | Channel in river typologies. A single-thread river has only one channel in each cross-section. A multiple-thread has more than one channel in each cross-section |
| Rivier met plaatselijk meer dan een geul | Wandering river | River with a single channel that locally splits into two channels, as a transitional form between meandering rivers and braided rivers |
| Spoeltransport | Washload | Sediments much finer than those in the river bed, transported without dependence on flow strength |
| Waterlichaam | Water body | Distinct and significant volume of water |
| Waterdiepte | Water depth | Height of water column. Elevation difference between water level and bed level |
| Waterstand, Niveau van de waterspiegel | Water level | Elevation of water surface above a horizontal datum |
| Stroomgebied | Watershed | Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also or . is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms |
