Difference between revisions of "SpanishGlossary"

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Latest revision as of 13:21, 14 April 2015

English to Spanish glossary

English Spanish Explanation
Alluvial deposits Depósitos aluviales Sediments deposited by modern rivers and streams
Alluvial river Río aluvial River with a bed consisting of sediments deposited by this river and still actively remolded by erosion and sedimentation
Alluvium Alluvium Sediment deposits
Anabranched river Río anastomosado, Río anaramificado River consisting of a network of channels separated by large islands that are usually vegetated
Anadromous Anadromo Adjective indicating fish that spawn in fresh water after spending most of their lives and becoming mature in the sea. See also
Aquifer Acuífero Water-bearing layer of porous subsurface material that can yield usable quantities of water
Backswamps Retro-ciénagas Wetlands in the lowest areas of the valley floor away from the main channel, storing fine-grained suspended-load sediments
Backwater effect Efecto de remanso Influence from downstream conditions on water levels and flow velocities
Bank Orilla Lateral channel boundary
Bankfull discharge Caudal de banca llena Discharge at which water levels reach the top of the river banks
Bar Barra de sedimentos Submerged or emerged bedform of sand, gravel, or other unconsolidated material, built in shallow water and much longer than the water depth
Base flow Caudal base, Caudal de estiaje Sustained low flow in a stream, mostly fed by groundwater discharge
Bathymetry Batimetría Spatial distribution of water depths below an agreed plane of reference water levels. As this plane has a slope in rivers, bathymetry should not be confused with
Bed level Nivel del lecho, Cota del lecho Elevation of bottom of river or stream above a horizontal datum
Bedload Carga de fondo, Carga de lecho, Carga de arrastre Sediment transported by rolling, sliding or jumping over the bed
Bed-material load Carga de material del lecho Transport of sediment that is also found in the river bed. It can be transported as both and
Bedrock Roca madre Consolidated subsurface material that underlies soils or other unconsolidated material
Bed shear stress Tensión de arrastre sobre el lecho Tangential forces per unit bed area exerted by the flow on the river bed, as a measure of flow strength. See also and
Bed topography Topografía del lecho Spatial distribution of bed elevations with respect to a horizontal datum, not to be confused with
Bench Berma Sediment deposition unit along a bank face. Also
Benthic Béntico Living at or in the bottom of a fresh or salty body of water. Opposed to
Benthos Bentos Plants and animals that live in, on or attached to the bottom of water bodies
Berm Berma Sediment deposition unit along a bank face. Also
Biogeographical region Región biogeográfica Relatively large area that contains characteristic assemblages of natural communities and species that are the product of broad environmental influences and common evolutionary and immigration history. See
Bivalve Bivalvos A mollusk with two shells, for instance a clam or a mussel
Boulders Cantos rodados gruesos Rock fragments larger than 200 mm in diameter
Braided river Río trenzado River consisting of a network of smaller channels separated by small and often temporary non-vegetated islands called braid bars
Buffer strip Franja o banda de amortiguación Vegetation along a stream left intact after logging or land clearing, preventing fine sediment from entering into the stream
Cascade Cascada Stream bed covered with disorganized boulders in steep confined channels
Catadromous Catádromo Adjective indicating fish that spawn in the open sea after spending their lives and becoming mature in fresh water. See also
Catchment Cuenca Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also or . Catchment is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms
Chute channel Canal de corta Channel across a bar or floodplain, shortcutting the flow in the main channel
Clay Arcillas Mineral soil particle smaller than 0.002 mm in diameter
Cobbles Cantos Rock fragments between 63 mm and 200 mm in diameter
Crenal Crenon Zone of stream source in longitudinal habitat zonation, also . See also and
Crevasse Crevasse Breach in natural levee
Crevasse splay Lóbulo de derrame, Crevasse splay Local accumulation of sand or gravel, deposited by water escaping from the channel through a
Crossing Cruce Relatively shallow zone between two consecutive bends in navigable rivers. Also
Cross-over Paso Relatively shallow zone between two consecutive bends in navigable rivers. Also
Crustacean Crustáceo Invertebrate animal (without backbone) with a hard exoskeleton (external support or protection of the body) and at least five pairs of jointed legs on the thorax
Current Corriente Movement of water in a water body
Datum Nivel de referencia, Datum Reference elevation level, for instance mean sea level
Degradation Degradación In hydromorphology: Lowering of bed elevation by erosion or removal of sediment. In ecology: Damaged condition of habitat
Discharge Caudal Volume of water that flows through a section per unit of time
Drainage basin Cuenca de drenaje Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also or . is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms
Dune Duna Bedform with a height in the order of tens of percent of the water depth. Two-dimensional dunes have long crests perpendicular to the flow. Three-dimensional dunes have short crests.
Ecoregion Ecoregión/ Región ecológica See and .
Emergent plant Planta emergente Plant rooted in shallow water with much of the stem and most of the leaves above the water
Eurytopic Eurioica Adjective for aquatic species that tolerate both stagnant and flowing water conditions. See also and
Floodplain Llanura de inundación Land bordering a river or a stream, built up of sediments from overbank flows and subject to inundation at floods
Flow resistance Resistencia al flujo Forces opposing the discharge of water. A low flow resistance implies high flow velocities and small water depths. A high flow resistance implies low flow velocities and high water depths.
Flow velocity Velocidad de la corriente fluvial Distance travelled by flowing water per unit time, as a measure of flow strength. See also and
Geomorphic unit Unidad geomorfológica Area containing a landform created by erosion or deposition inside or outside the river channel. Also , or . Geomorphic unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms
Glide Tabla Zone of relatively shallow flow as an intermediate feature between shallower riffles and deeper pools, similar to the somewhat steeper
Gravel Gravas Rock fragments between 2 and 63 mm in diameter
Habitat Hábitat Place where a particular species or life stage lives and grows. Essentially, it is the (mostly physical) environment that surrounds a species population or age group
Hydraulic roughness Rugosidad (Hidráulica) Parameter governing
Hydraulic unit Unidad hidráulica Spatially distinct patch of relatively homogeneous surface-flow and substrate character. Hydraulic unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms
Impoundment Presa de regulación Structure built to maintain a desired water level
Infauna Infauna Benthic animals that burrow into the substrate
Invertebrates Invertebrados Animals without a backbone
Island Isla Landform surrounded by areas of the channel bed and emerged at bankfull stage
Krenal Crenon Zone of stream source in longitudinal habitat zonation, also . See also and
Landscape unit Unidad de paisaje Portion of a catchment with similar landscape morphological characteristics. Also physiographic unit. Landscape unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms
Levee Mota See . Levee can also refer to a man-made dike along the Loire river in France or along North-American rivers that belonged to French Louisiana between 1682 and 1803, such as the Mississippi river
Limnetic Limnético Related to the environment of lakes and ponds. Adjective for aquatic macroinvertebrates that prefer standing water
Limnophilic Limnófilo Adjective for aquatic species that prefer stagnant water. See also and
Lotic Lótico Related to fast-moving water, such as in most streams and rivers
Macroinvertebrates Macroinvertebrados Animals without backbones (“invertebrates”) that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye (“macro”, larger than 0.5 mm)
Macrophyte Macrófita All aquatic higher plants, mosses and characean algae, but excluding single-celled phytoplankton and diatoms
Macrozoobenthos Macrozoobentos Aquatic macroinvertebrates living at or in the bottom
Meandering river Río meandriforme River with a single channel and a larger than 1.5
Measure Medida See and
Mesohabitat Mesohábitat Spatially distinct patch of relatively homogeneous patches serving species or life stages as . See
Microhabitat Microhábitat Spatially distinct patch of uniform substrate, plant cover or physical structure which is relevant for species, e.g. as spawning or feeding substrate
Mitigation measure Medida de mitigación Activity to reduce the impact of a pressure
Mollusks Moluscos Unsegmented invertebrate animals (without a backbone) that possess an external or vestigial calcium carbonate shell
Morphological unit Unidad morfólogica See
Mud Lodo, Barro Loose slushy fine sediment consisting of clay, silt, fine sand, and organic material. Often water-formed and deposited on the bottom of lakes, rivers and estuaries
Natural levee Mota natural Elevated feature along river channel, composed of sediments deposited by overbank flows leaving the main channel
Oxbow lake Porción de meandro abandonado Lake formed when a river meander is cut off from the main channel
Pebble Guijarro Gravel particle
Pelagic Pelágico Living and feeding in the water column. Opposed to
Physiographic unit Unidad fisiográfica See
Phytoplankton Fitoplancton Microscopic plants that float or drift almost passively in water
Point bar Punto bar Bar along the inner bank of a river bend
Pool Poza Relatively deep, still section in a river or stream. Pools alternate with or in gravel-bed rivers and with or in navigable rivers
Potamal Potamon Zone of lowland rivers in longitudinal habitat zonation. See also or and
Pothole Pothole Deep circular hole scoured in bedrock as a result of abrasion by transported particles trapped in the hole
Pressure Presión In hydromorphology: Force per unit area exerted on a surface by the weight of the water above that surface. In the Water Framework Directive: Direct environmental effect of a driver such as agriculture, industry, hydropower generation or navigation
Rapids Rápido Stream bed with boulders organized in irregular transverse lines (ribs), in steep confined channels
Reach Tramo Section of river along which boundary conditions are sufficiently uniform for the river to maintain a near-constant internal set of process-form interactions. Reach is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms
Region Región Relatively large area underleying similar broad influences of climate, relief, tectonic processes, etc. Also or . Region is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms. It typically contains characteristic assemblages of natural communities and species.
Restoration measure Medida de restauración Activity to improve the status of degraded waters, be it by improving water quality or by changing hydromorphological conditions
Rheophilic Reófilo Adjective for aquatic species that prefer flowing waters. See also and
Rhithral Ritron Zone of streams in longitudinal habitat zonation, identical to the zone of trout and grayling. See also or and
Ridge Ridge Old incorporated in the floodplain as the channel migrated away
Zone of relatively shallow and rapid flow in gravel-bed rivers
Riffle Rápido Related to zone adjacent to a stream or river with a high density, diversity, and productivity of plant and animal species compared to nearby uplands
Riparian Ripario Small bedform of a few centimetres high, with a long crest perpendicular to the flow
Ripple Rizo Part of river environment including individuals and patches of sediment, plants, wood, etc. Also . River element is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms.
River element Elemento del río See
River sector Sector del río Section of river subject to similar valley-scale influences and energy conditions. Also river sector. River segment is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms
River segment Segmento fluvial Zone of relatively shallow flow as an intermediate feature between shallower riffles and deeper pools, similar to the somewhat flatter
Run Rápido Mineral soil particle between 0.063 mm and 2.0 mm in diameter
Sand Arena Local removal of sediment from the stream bed by flowing water
Scour Remoción, Socavación Elongated raised feature on top of a
Scroll bar Scroll bar, Barra de desplazamiento Solid matter eroded, transported or deposited in rivers
Sediment Sedimento Amount of sediment eroded per unit land area in a river catchment
Sediment yield Producción de sedimentos Mineral soil particle between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm in diameter
Silt Limo Ratio between the distance measured along the channel and the distance measured in the direction of the overall planimetric course or meander belt axis
Sinuosity Sinuosidad per unit channel width, as a measure of flow strength
Specific stream power Potencia específica de la corriente fluvial Steep accumulation of boulders and cobbles across a channel, generally with a pool downstream that is scoured by flow plunging over the step
Step Salto, Escalón Rate of energy dissipation per unit downstream length, as a measure of flow strength. See also and
Stream power Potencia de la corriente fluvial Pressure in the sense of a direct environmental effect of a driver
Stressor Agente estresante, Estresor See
Subreach Subtramos Sediment transported in the water column, kept from settling by upward turbulent motions of the water. It can consist of both and
Suspended load Carga en suspensión Depression between adjacent that are old
Swale Swale, Zanja Abandoned inactive floodplain perched above contemporary channel and floodplain
Terrace Terraza Line connecting the deepest points of consecutive cross-sections
Thalweg Thalweg Channel in river typologies. A single-thread river has only one channel in each cross-section. A multiple-thread has more than one channel in each cross-section
Thread Ramal del cauce River with a single channel that locally splits into two channels, as a transitional form between meandering rivers and braided rivers
Wandering river Río de trazado errante Sediments much finer than those in the river bed, transported without dependence on flow strength
Washload Carga de lavado Distinct and significant volume of water
Water body Masa de agua Height of water column. Elevation difference between water level and bed level
Water depth Profundidad del agua Elevation of water surface above a horizontal datum
Water level Nivel del agua Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also or . is a spatial unit within the multi-scale of hydromorphological processes and forms
Watershed Cuenca hidrológica
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