Bank dynamics models

Bank dynamics models

Type

Hydromorphological models

Basic principles

Geomechanical equations for bank stability, possibly combined with equations for river flow (or interface with hydrodynamic or morphodynamic model) and equations for groundwater flow (or interface with groundwater model).

Outputs

Bank stability, bank geometry, rate of bank retreat, amount of bank erosion products.

Rivertypes

• Reach
•    Reach

Related Pressures

• Hydropeaking
• Sediment discharge from dredging
• Reservoir flushing
• Hydrological regime modification
• Interbasin flow transfers
• Discharge diversions and returns
• Alteration of instream habitat
• Sand and gravel extraction
• Sedimentation and sediment input
• Embankments, levees or dikes
• Loss of vertical connectivity
• Impoundment
• Alteration of riparian vegetation
• Channelisation / cross section alteration

Related Measures

• Reduce anthropogenic flow peaks
• Modify hydropeaking
• Shorten the length of impounded reaches
• Increase flood frequency and duration in riparian zones or floodplains
• Favour morphogenic flows
• Link flood reduction with ecological restoration
• Ensure minimum flows
• Manage aquatic vegetation
• Establish environmental flows / naturalise flow regimes
• Develop riparian forest
• Remove non-native substratum
• Adjust land use to develop riparian vegetation
• Revegetate riparian zones
• Remove bank fixation
• Adjust land use to reduce nutrient, sediment input or shore erosion

Useful references

Selected software systems

BEM

BSTEM (Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model): http://www.ars.usda.gov/Research/docs.htm?docid=5044

Theoretical background

Darby S.E., Gessler D., Thorne C.R. (2000): Computer program for stability analysis of steep, cohesive riverbanks. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 25(2), 175-190. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291096-9837%28200002%2925:2%3C175::AID-ESP74%3E3.0.CO;2-K/abstract

Darby S. E. and Thorne C. R. (1996): Development and testing of river-bank stability analysis, J. Hydr. Engrg., 122 (8), 443–454. http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9429%281996%29122%3A8%28443%29

Darby S. E., Rinaldi M., Dapporto S. (2007): Coupled simulations of fluvial erosion and mass wasting for cohesive river banks, J.Geophys. Res., 112, F03022. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006JF000722/abstract

Osman A.M. and Thorne C.R. (1988): Riverbank stability analysis. I: Theory. J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 114 (2), pp.134-150. http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9429%281988%29114%3A2%28134%29

Rinaldi M. and Casagli N. (1999): Stability of streambanks formed in partially saturated soils and effects of negative pore water pressures: The Sieve River (Italy), Geomorphology 26, 253–277.

Rinaldi M., Casagli N., Dapporto S., Gargini A. (2004): Monitoring and modelling of pore water pressure changes and riverbank stability during flow events, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms 29, 237–254. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X98000695

Rinaldi M., Mengoni B., Luppi L., Darby S.E., Mosselman E. (2008): Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend. Water Resources Res., AGU, 44, W09428. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008WR007008/abstract

Simon A., Curini A., Darby S. E., Langendoen E.J. (2000): Bank and near-bank processes in an incised channel. Geomorphology 35, 193–217. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X00000362

Thorne C.R. and Osman A.M. (1988): Riverbank stability analysis. II: Applications. J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 114, (2), pp.151-172. http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9429%281988%29114%3A2%28151%29